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Table of Contents
The Rights Of Husband
The Rights of Parents
The wet-nurse
The Rights of Muslims
Rights of the Neighbour
Rights of the Travelling Companion
Rights of the Weak and Old
Rights of Human beings
Rights of Animals
The Virtues and Rights of Marriage
Glossary
Rights of Husband
Allah
Ta‘âlâ has given great rights to the husband and has attached a lot of virtue to
him. Pleasing the husband and keeping him happy is a great act of ‘ibâdah
and displeasing him or keeping him unhappy is a major sin.
1.
Rasûlullâh sallallâhu ‘alayhi wa sallam said : "The woman
who offers her five times salât, fasts in the month of Ramadân,
protects her honour and respect, and obeys her husband has the choice of
entering jannah from whichever door she wishes to enter from." This means
that from the eight doors of jannah she can enter through whichever door
she wishes without even having to knock on that door.
2.
Rasûlullâh sallallâhu ‘alayhi wa sallam said : "The woman
who passes away in such a state that her husband is pleased with her will enter
jannah."
3.
Rasûlullâh sallallâhu ‘alayhi wa sallam said : "Were I to
command anyone to prostrate to anyone other than Allah, I would have commanded
the woman to prostrate to her husband. If the husband orders his wife to carry
the boulders of one mountain to the next mountain, and the boulders of the next
mountain to a third mountain, she will have to do this."
4.
Rasûlullâh sallallâhu ‘alayhi wa sallam said : "When the
husband calls his wife, she should go immediately to him even if she is busy at
her stove." In other words, no matter how important a task she may be busy with,
she should leave it and go to him.
5.
Rasûlullâh sallallâhu ‘alayhi wa sallam said : "When a man
calls his wife to engage in sexual intercourse with him and she does not go and
because of this he sleeps away angrily, the angels continue cursing this woman
till the morning."
6.
Rasûlullâh sallallâhu ‘alayhi wa sallam said : "When a
woman troubles or displeases her husband in this world, the hûr of
jannah that has been set aside for him says : "May Allah curse
you! Do not trouble him. He is your guest for a few days. Soon he will leave you
and come to me."
7.
Rasûlullâh sallallâhu ‘alayhi wa sallam said : "There are
three types of people whose salât is not accepted, nor is any other good
act of theirs accepted. One is a slave who runs away from his master. The second
is a woman whose husband is displeased with her. The third is a person who is in
a state of intoxication."
8. A
person asked : "Who is the best woman?" Rasûlullâh sallallâhu
‘alayhi wa sallam replied : "The best woman is one who pleases her
husband when he looks at her, when he asks her to do something she obeys him,
and she does not do anything that may displease him with regard to his wealth
and honour."
One of
the rights of the husband is that the wife should not keep any optional fasts
nor offer any optional salât in his presence without his permission.
Among the rights of the husband is that she should not remain in an untidy,
dishevelled state. Instead, she should always remain clean and beautiful for her
husband. In fact, if she remains untidy and dishevelled despite her husband
ordering her to remain clean, he has the right of beating her (lightly) in order
that she may obey him. Another right of the husband is that she should not leave
the house without his permission irrespective of whether it be the house of a
friend, relative or anyone else.
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The Rights of Parents
1. You
should not cause them any harm even if they commit any excesses.
2.
Respect and honour them in your speech and dealings with them.
3.
Obey them in permissible acts.
4. If
they are in need of money, assist them even if they are kâfirs.
5. The
following rights are due to parents after their death :
(a)
Continue making du‘âs of forgiveness and mercy for them. Continue sending
rewards to them in the form of optional acts of worship and charity on their
behalf.
(b)
Meet their friends and relatives in a friendly way and also assist them wherever
possible.
(c) If
you have the finances, fulfil their unpaid debts and the permissible bequests
that they have made.
(d)
When they pass away, abstain from crying and wailing aloud or else their souls
will be troubled.
6.
According to the Sharî‘ah, the rights of the paternal and maternal
grandparents are similar to those of the parents and they should be regarded as
such.
7.
Similarly, the rights of the maternal and paternal uncles and aunts are similar
to those of the parents. This has been deduced from certain ‘Ahâdîth. (Rasûlullâh
sallallâhu ‘alayhi wa sallam said : "The maternal aunt has
the status of one’s mother." - Tirmidhî)
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The wet-nurse
Meet
her with respect. If she is in need of money and you are able to help her, then
help her.
The Step-mother
Since
she is an associate of your father, and we have been commanded to be kind and
friendly to our parents' associates, the step-mother, therefore, also has
certain rights over you as mentioned previously.
The elder brother
In the
light of the Hadith, the elder brother is similar to one's father. From this we
can deduce that the younger brother is similar to one's children. Based on this,
they will have rights similar to those of parents and children. The elder sister
and the younger sister should also be treated in the same manner.
Relatives
If any
of your blood relatives is in need and is unable to earn, help him out with his
expenses according to your financial position. Go and meet them occasionally. Do
not cut-off relations with them. In fact, even if they cause you harm, it will
be best for you to exercise patience.
The In-laws
In the
Quran, Allah Ta'âlâ has mentioned the in-laws together with one's lineage. We
learn from this that the father-in-law, mother-in-law, wife's brother, sister's
husband, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, the previous children of the wife, the
previous children of the husband - all of these have certain rights. Therefore,
you have to be more considerate to them as opposed to others.
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The Rights of Muslims
1. Overlook the faults of a
Muslim.
2. When he cries, have mercy on him.
3. Conceal his shortcomings.
4. Accept his excuses.
5. Remove his difficulties.
6. Always be good to him.
7. Gaining his love is an accomplishment.
8. Fulfil his promises.
9. When he falls ill, visit him.
10. When he passes away, make du‘â for him.
11. Accept his invitation.
12. Accept his gifts.
13. When he shows kindness to you, show kindness to him in return.
14. Be grateful for his favours upon you.
15. Help and assist him at the time of need.
16. Safeguard his family and children.
17. Assist him in his work.
18. Listen to his advice.
19. Accept his intercession.
20. Do not make him feel despondent over his ambitions.
21. When he sneezes and says "Alhamdulillâh", say "Yarhamukallah"
in reply.
22. If you find a lost item of his, return it to him.
23. Reply to his greeting.
24. When you converse with him, speak with humility and in a good manner.
25. Be kind and friendly to him.
26. When he takes an oath with regard to you, confident that you will fulfil it,
then you must fulfil it. (For example, Zayd takes an oath that ‘Amr never goes
to the bazaar and he is confident that ‘Amr will fulfil this oath of his, then
‘Amr must ensure that he does not act contrary to it.)
27. If anyone oppresses him, go to his assistance. If he oppresses someone,
prevent him.
28. Be friendly to him and do not antagonize him.
29. Do not disgrace him.
30. Whatever you like for yourself, like for him as well.
31. When you meet him, make salâm to him. If a man shakes the hand of a
man, and a woman shakes the hand of a woman, it will be even better.
32. If a quarrel takes place between the two of you, do not cut-off speaking to
him for more than three days.
33. Do not have evil thoughts of him.
34. Do not be jealous of him nor should you hate him.
35. Direct him towards good deeds and stop him from evil deeds.
36. Have mercy on the young and respect the elderly.
37. If there is a conflict between two Muslims, try and reconcile them.
38. Do not speak ill of him.
39. Do not cause him any loss; neither in his wealth nor in his honour.
40. If he is sitting, do not make him get up and take his place.
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Rights of the
Neighbour
1.
Deal with him in a nice and friendly manner.
2.
Protect the honour of his wife and children.
3.
Occasionally you should send gifts to his house. Especially if he is poor. In
such a case you should definitely send some food to him.
4. Do
not cause him any harm. Do not quarrel with him over trivial matters.
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Rights of the
Travelling Companion
1.
Just as a person has a neighbour at home, he also has a neighbour when
travelling. That is, a travelling companion with whom you embark on a journey or
coincidentally joins you during the course of the journey. The rights of such a
person are similar to those of a neighbour.
2. His
rights can be summed up as follows : give preference to his comfort over
your own comfort. Some people display a lot of selfishness with regard to other
travellers when travelling by train or other modes of public transportation.
This is a very evil habit.
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Rights of the Weak
and Old
Those
people who are in need, such as orphans, widows, the weak, the poor, the sick,
the cripple, travellers, beggars, etc. have additional rights. They are :
1. You should help them
financially.
2. You should undertake their tasks with your own hands and legs.
3. You should console and comfort them.
4. You should not refuse to fulfil their needs and wants.
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Rights of Human
beings
1. Do not cause financial or
physical harm to innocent people.
2. Do not argue with anyone without any valid Shar'î reason.
3. If you find someone in problem,
in poverty, or sick, help him, feed him, treat his sickness.
4. When meting out punishment, do not transgress the limits in the different
methods of punishment that have been laid down in the Sharî‘ah.
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Rights of Animals
1. Do
not encage an animal which you will not be taking any benefit from. Removing
nestlings from their nests, causing harm to their parents, etc. is a sign of
extreme mercilessness.
2. An
animal that is suitable for consumption should not be killed merely for
amusement.
3. You
should make proper arrangements with regard to food, drink, providing rest, and
taking care for the animal that you utilise for your work. Do not impose any
work on it that is beyond its capacity, nor should you beat it more than
necessary.
4. The
animal that is to be slaughtered or killed on account of it being harmful should
be slaughtered or killed quickly. Do not cause it any agitation. Do not take its
life after having starved it.
Additional points
If
there is any shortcoming in fulfilling the rights of a person, fulfil that which
can be fulfilled or else, ask for forgiveness. For example, you are still owing
someone some money or you cheated someone, etc. (In such a case you should try
and pay the debt, but if you cannot do so, then seek forgiveness from the
person). As for the right which can only be forgiven, seek forgiveness for it,
e.g. you spoke ill of a person or beat him (In such a case, it is obvious that
you cannot pay him anything. Instead, you will have to seek his forgiveness).
If,
due to some reason, you cannot fulfil their rights nor can you seek their
forgiveness, then you should continue making du‘â for these people. It is
possible that on the day of judgement Allah Ta'âlâ will try and influence them
to forgive you. However, later if you are in a position to fulfil their rights
or seek their forgiveness, then do not hesitate in doing so.
As for
the rights that are due to you and there is a hope of their being fulfilled,
then be lenient when asking for them. As for those where there is no hope of
their being fulfilled or, they are such that they cannot be fulfilled, such as
ghîbah, then although there is the hope of your receiving rewards in
return for them on the day of judgement, however, more reward has been mentioned
with regard to forgiving them in this world. It will be much better if you
forgive them completely or absolve them completely. This is especially when the
person earnestly seeks forgiveness from you.
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The Virtues and
Rights of Marriage
1. It
is mentioned in a Hadîth that this world has been created to be utilised
and that of all the things that are utilised in this world, there is nothing
better than a pious woman. In other words, if a person is fortunate enough to
get a pious wife, it will be a great blessing. It is also a mercy from Allah
Ta'âlâ that she is actually a comfort for the husband and a means for his
success in this world and in the hereafter. A person enjoys comfort from such a
woman for his worldly needs and she also assists him in fulfilling his religious
duties.
2. It
is mentioned in a Hadîth that Rasûlullâh sallallâhu ‘alayhi wa
sallam said : "Marriage is my way and my sunnah."
"The one who does not act upon my sunnah is not of me." That is, there is
no relationship between him and me. This is actually a warning and a threat to
the one who does not practice on the sunnah and a mention of Rasûlullâh's
sallallâhu ‘alayhi wa sallam anger on such a person. It is
therefore necessary to be extremely cautious in this regard. Furthermore, how
can a Muslim bear to have Rasûlullâh sallallâhu ‘alayhi wa sallam
displeased with him for even a moment. May Allah Ta'âlâ grant us death before
that day comes when a Muslim is able to bear the displeasure of Allah and His
Rasûl sallallâhu ‘alayhi wa sallam.
It is
mentioned in a Hadîth that Rasûlullâh sallallâhu ‘alayhi wa
sallam said : "Marry so that I can be proud (of your numbers) on the
day of judgement over the other nations." In other words, Rasûlullâh sallallâhu
‘alayhi wa sallam likes his ’ummah to be in large numbers and more
than the other nations. If this happens, his ’ummah will be carrying out
more good deeds, and in so doing he will receive more rewards and gain closer
proximity to Allah Ta'âlâ. This is because whoever from his ’ummah does
good deeds, does so through his teachings. Therefore, the more people who act on
his teachings, the more reward he will receive for conveying those teachings. We
also learn from this that whenever and however possible, we should undertake to
carry out those tasks and actions that will take us closer to Allah Ta'âlâ, and
that we should not display any laziness in this regard.
It is
mentioned in a Hadîth that on the day of judgement the people will be
standing in 120 lines. Out of these, 40 lines of people will be from the other
nations while 80 lines of people will be from the ’ummah of Rasûlullâh
sallallâhu ‘alayhi wa sallam. Glory be to Allah! How beloved
Rasûlullâh sallallâhu ‘alayhi wa sallam is to Him.
The
one who is able to (fulfil the rights of a wife) should marry. As for the one
who does not have sufficient wealth (to fulfil the rights of a wife), he should
fast. That is, he should fast so that there will be a decrease in his desires.
Fasting is actually a means of curbing his desires. If a person does not have a
very dire need for women, and instead has an average need, and he is able to pay
for her basic necessities, then nikâh is sunnat-e-mu’akkadah for
such a person. As for the person who has a very urgent need, nikâh will
be fard upon him. This is because there is a fear that he will
commit adultery and thereby get the sin of committing a harâm act.
If a person has a very urgent need but is financially incapable of maintaining a
wife, then such a person must fast abundantly. Later, when he has sufficient
funds to maintain a wife, he must get married.
3. It
is mentioned in a Hadith that children are the flowers of jannah. This
means that the amount of joy and happiness one will experience on seeing the
flowers of paradise, that same amount of joy and happiness is experienced when
he looks at his children. And we know fully well that children can only be
obtained through marriage.
4. It
is mentioned in a Hadîth that when the status of a person is increased in
jannah, he asks out of wonder : "How did I receive all this?"
(That is, "How did I receive such a high status when I hadn't carried out so
many good deeds to deserve such a status?") It will be said to this person that
this high status is on account of your children asking for forgiveness on your
behalf. In other words, your children had asked for forgiveness on your behalf.
In return for that, you have been accorded this status.
5. It
is mentioned that the child who is born out of a miscarriage (i.e. it is born
before the due date) will "fight"(wrangle) with its Creator when its parents are
entered into jahannam. In other words, this child will go to extremes in
interceding on behalf of its parents and will ask Allah Ta'âlâ to remove its
parents from jahannam. Through His bounty, Allah Ta'ala will accept the
intercession of this child and He will be soft and lenient towards it. It will
be said to this child : "O siqt (which means, miscarried
foetus) who is quarrelling with its Lord! Enter your parents into jannah."
So this child will draw its parents out of jahannam with its navel cord
and enter both of them into jannah. We learn from this, that children of
this sort, who are actually a by-product of marriage, will also be of help in
the hereafter.
6. It
is mentioned in a Hadith that when the husband and wife look at each other (with
love), Allah Ta'âlâ looks at both of them with mercy.
7. It
is mentioned in a Hadith that Allah Ta'âlâ has taken it upon Himself (i.e. out
of His mercy, He as taken the responsibility) of helping the person who gets
married in order to attain purity from that which Allah has made harâm.
In other words, the person who marries in order to save himself from adultery
with the intention of obeying Allah Ta'âlâ, Allah will help and assist him in
his expenses and other affairs.
8. It
is mentioned in a Hadîth that two rak‘ats of salât performed by a
married person is better than 82 rak‘ats performed by an unmarried person. In
another Hadith, 70 rak‘ats have been mentioned instead of 82 rak‘ats. It is
possible that this means that 70 rak‘ats are written in favour of the person who
fulfils the necessary rights of his wife and family, and that 82 rak‘ats are in
favour of the person who apart from fulfilling their necessary rights, serves
them more with his life, wealth and good habits.
9. It
is mentioned in a Hadîth that it is a major sin for a person to be
neglectful with regard to those whom he is responsible for (and to have
shortcomings in fulfilling their needs).
10. It
is mentioned in a Hadîth that Rasûlullâh sallallâhu ‘alayhi wa
sallam said : "I have not left behind any test and tribulation on
men more harmful than women." In other words, of all the things that are harmful
for men, women are the most harmful. This is because, out of his love for a
woman, a man loses all his senses, so much so that he does not even take the
commands and orders of Allah Ta'âlâ into consideration. Therefore, a person must
not fall in love with a woman in such a way that he has to act contrary to the
Sharî‘ah. For example, her demands for her food and clothing are more
than what the husband can afford. In such circumstances, never accept any bribes
in order to supplement your present income. Instead, give her from the halâl
earnings which Allah Ta'âlâ has blessed you with. You should continue teaching
your womenfolk and inculcate respect and good manners in them. Do not allow them
to become impudent and disrespectful. The intellect of women is deficient, it is
therefore incumbent to take special measures in reforming them.
11. It
is mentioned in a Hadîth that you should not propose to a girl when your
fellow Muslim brother has already proposed to her until he gets married or gives
up this proposal. In other words, when a person has sent a proposal to a
particular family and there is a likelihood of their replying in the
affirmative, another person should not send a proposal to that same family.
However, if they reject this first person, or he himself changes his mind, or
they are not too happy with him and are still hesitant in giving a reply, it
will be permissible for another person to send a proposal for the same girl.
The
same rule applies to the transactions of buying and selling. That is, if a
person is busy buying or selling something, then as long as they do not separate
or abandon the transaction, another person should not enter into their
transaction and should not offer a price above or below that which has been
already offered when there is an indication that they are about to come to an
agreement. Understand this well, and know that a kâfir is also included
in this rule.
12. It
is mentioned in a Hadith that a woman is either married because of her Dîn,
her wealth or her beauty. Choose the one with Dîn, may your hands become
dusty. In other words, a man may prefer a woman who is religiously inclined.
While another may prefer one who is wealthy. While yet another may prefer one
who is beautiful. However, Rasûlullâh sallallâhu ‘alayhi wa sallam
says that one should choose a religiously inclined woman and that it is
preferable to marry such a woman. However, if the circumstances are such that a
woman is very pious but at the same time she is so ugly that one's nature does
not find her acceptable and there is a fear that if he marries such a woman
there will be no mutual understanding between them, and that he will be
neglectful in fulfilling her rights, then in such a case he should not marry
such a woman. "May your hands become dusty" is an Arabic mode of expression
which is used on different occasions. In this context, it is meant to create a
yearning and a desire for a pious woman.
13. It
is mentioned in a Hadîth that the best wife is one whose mahr is
very simple. That is, it is very easy for the man to fulfil her mahr.
These days, there is the habit of specifying a very high mahr. People
should abstain from this.
14. It
is mentioned in a Hadîth that you should look for a good place for your
sperms because a woman gives birth to children that resemble her brothers and
sisters. In other words, marry a woman who comes from a pious and noble family
because the children generally resemble the maternal relations. Although the
father also has some influence over the child's resemblance, we learn from this
Hadîth that the mother's influence is greater. If the wife is from a
disreputable and irreligious family, the children who will be born will be
similar to that family. But if this is not so, then the children who will be
born will be pious and religious.
15. It
is mentioned in a Hadîth that the greatest right that a woman has to
fulfil is to her husband, and that the greatest right that he has to fulfil is
to his mother. In other words, after the rights of Allah and His Rasûl sallallâhu
‘alayhi wa sallam the woman has a very great right to fulfil to her husband,
so much so that the husband's rights supersede the rights of her parents. As for
the man, after the rights of Allah and His Rasûl sallallâhu ‘alayhi wa
sallam, the greatest right that he has to fulfil is to his mother. We learn
from this that the right of the mother supersedes that of the father.
16. It
is mentioned in a Hadîth that if anyone of you wishes to engage in sexual
intercourse with his wife, he should recite the following du‘â :
The
virtue of this du‘â is that if a child is conceived through this
intercourse, shaytân will not be able to harm this child in any
way.
17.
There is a lengthy Hadîth in which Rasûlullâh sallallâhu
‘alayhi wa sallam addressed ‘Abdur Rahmân bin ‘Auf radiyallâhu
‘anhu asking him to have a walîmah even if it is with one sheep. In
other words, even if you possess very little, you should spend. It is preferable
to have the walîmah after engaging in sexual intercourse with one's
bride. However, many ‘ulamâ have permitted it immediately after the
nikâh as well. It is mustahab to have a walîmah.
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Glossary
Explanation of Islamic
Terms
‘Âlim : One who
has attained a considerable amount of Islamic knowledge. He could also be
referred to as an Islamic scholar.
Barakah :
Literally means "blessings". It refers to the experiencing of abundance in
things which are apparently insignificant or little, both in value and amount.
Bid'ah :
Literally means "innovation". In Islam it refers to introducing new things into
religion which have no basis in the Quran or Sunnah, and in addition to this, to
regard these new things as acts of ‘ibâdah. A bid'ah is a major sin in Islam.
Du‘â ul-maghfirah :
Supplicating to Allah Ta'âlâ and asking Him for His forgiveness.
’Îlâ’ :
Annulment of a marriage after the husband's sworn testimony to have refrained
from sexual intercourse with his wife for a period of at least four months. For
further details, refer to the chapter on ’îlâ’.
Fard :
Literally means "compulsory". In Islam it refers to those acts and things which
are compulsory on a Muslim. Abandoning or abstaining from a fard act is a major
sin. Rejecting a fard act amounts to kufr.
Fatwâ : A
formal legal opinion or verdict in Islamic law.
Ghayr mahram
: Refers to all those persons with whom marriage is permissible. Based on
this, it is incumbent to observe purdah with all ghayr mahrams.
Ghîbah :
Slander or backbiting.
Hayd
: Monthly periods or menstruation experienced by a woman.
Hajj
: Literally means "pilgrimage". In Islam it refers to the annual pilgrimage
to Makkah.
Halâl
: That which is lawful or permissible in Islam.
Harâm
: That which is unlawful or prohibited in Islam.
Hûr
: Refers to the large-eyed women of jannah, promised to the believers.
‘Ibâdah :
Literally means "worship". In Islam it refers to all those acts of worship
which one renders to Allah Ta'âlâ.
‘Iddah : A
period of waiting during which a woman may not remarry after being widowed or
divorced. For further details, refer to the chapter on ‘iddah.
Ihrâm :
Two pieces of unstitched cloth donned by the person performing hajj or
‘umrah.
Jahannam :
Hell.
Jamâ'ah : A
group, party, community.
Jannah :
Paradise.
Kâfir :
Literally means "a disbeliever". In Islam it refers to one who rejects Allah
and does not believe in Muhammad sallallâhu ‘alayhi wa sallam
as the final messenger of Allah.
Kaffârah :
Literally means "penance, atonement, expiation". In Islamic law it refers to
redemption from the omission of certain religious duties by a material donation
or a ritual act. For further details, refer to the chapter on kaffârah.
Khula' :
Divorce at the instance of the wife who must pay a compensation. For further
details, refer to the chapter on khula'.
Kuffâr : Plural
of kâfir.
Li'ân : Sworn
allegation of adultery committed by either husband or wife. For further details,
refer to the chapter on li'ân.
Madrasah :
Literally means "a school". Also used to refer to a religious school.
Maghrib :
Literally means "evening or sunset". Also refers to the time of sunset and the
salât that is offered thereafter.
Mahr : Dower or
bridal money.
Mahram :
Refers to the person with whom marriage is not permissible and with whom strict
purdah is not incumbent.
Mahrul mithl :
The dower or bridal money that is equal to or similar than that which was given
to a girl's paternal grandmothers. For further details, refer to the chapter on
mahrul mithl.
Masâ'il :
Plural of mas'ala.
Mas'ala :
Literally means "an issue, problem or question". In Islamic jurisprudence, it
refers to a rule or regulation.
Mustahab :
Literally means "preferable or desirable". Refers to that act which was
carried out by Rasûlullâh sallallâhu ‘alayhi wa sallam or the Sahâbah
occasionally. Carrying out these actions entails reward and leaving them out
does not entail punishment.
Nafl :
Optional.
Nadhr : A vow
or solemn pledge.
Nifâs : Refers
to the flowing of blood after child-birth.
Nikâh :
Marriage.
Purdah : An
Urdu word meaning "seclusion". It is an equivalent of the Arabic word "hijâb".
Refers to the seclusion of women from strangers. There are different stages of
purdah, the highest of which is that the woman should not come out of her home
except for a valid Islamic reason.
Qadâ’ :
Literally means "carrying out or fulfilling". In Islamic jurisprudence it
refers to fulfilling or completing those duties that one may have missed out due
to some reason or the other.
Qadiani : A
heretical sect which regards Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Qadiani as a prophet of Allah.
Qadianis are regarded as disbelievers.
Qiblah : The
direction in which one faces when offering salât.
Qurbâni :
Literally means "sacrifice". In Islam it refers to the sacrificing of animals
solely for the pleasure of Allah Ta'âlâ on the day of ‘îd ul-ad'hâ
and the two days following it.
Rahmah :
Mercy.
Ramadân :
The ninth month of the Islamic calendar which is regarded as the most sacred
month.
Salâm :
Literally means "peace".
Sharî‘ah : The
Islamic Law.
Shaytân :
Satan or the devil.
Shî‘ah : A
heretical sect found primarily in Iran.
Sunnat-e-
Mu'akkadah :
Refers to those actions which Rasûlullâh sallallâhu ‘alayhi wa sallam
carried out continuously. It is a sin to leave out such a sunnah without any
valid excuse.
Sunni : Refers
to those who belong to the Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamâ'ah. This term is generally used
as an opposite to Shî‘ah.
Surmah :
Antimony. A black powdery substance that is applied to the eyes. It is sunnah
to apply surmah.
Talâq
: Divorce.
Talâq-e-
kinâyah : A
divorce that is issued in vague terms without clearly uttering the words of talâq.
Talâq-e-sarîh
: A divorce that is issued in clear terms without leaving any vagueness or
doubt.
Talâqul
bâ'in : A divorce which causes the annulment of the marriage. If a
person wishes to retain his wife to whom he had issued a talâqul bâ'in,
he will have to remarry her, i.e. their nikâh will have to be re-performed.
Talâqul
mughallazah :
A divorce which not only causes the annulment of the marriage, but if the
couple wish to remarry, the woman will have to marry another person first, when
he divorces her or passes away, only then can she remarry her first husband.
Talâqur
raj'î : A revocable divorce.
For further details
with regard to all the above forms of talâq, refer to the relevant
chapters.
‘Ulamâ : Plural
of ‘âlim.
’Ummah :
Literally means "community or nation". Here it refers to the Muslim community
and nation.
Wâjib :
Literally means "obligatory". In Islamic jurisprudence it refers to that act
which has not been established by an absolute proof. Leaving out a wajib without
any valid reason makes one a fâsiq and entails punishment.
Wali : In the
context of marriage or divorce, it refers to the legal guardian of a minor.
Walîmah :
Refers to the feast that is organized after a marriage. It usually takes place
after the bride and bride groom have spent a night together.
Wudû’ :
Literally means "purity or cleanliness". In Islamic terminology it refers to
the act of washing oneself before offering salât.
Zihâr
: Likening one's wife to one's mother. It is a form of divorce. For further
details, refer to the chapter on zihâr.
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